Active and Passive Voice Examples, definition in Hindi

Active and Passive Voice Examples in Hindi

Active and Passive voice. Verb का वह रूप Voice कहलाता है जिससे पता चलता है कि कर्ता कोई काम करता है या कर्ता पर कोई काम होता है।

ACTIVE VOICE

Verb का वह रूप active voice कहलाता है जिससे ये ज्ञात हो कि कर्ता (Sub) किसी क्रिया (verb) को किसी कर्म (object) पर करता है।

General Formula:- Sub + verb + object

PASSIVE VOICE

Verb का वह रूप Passive Voice कहलाता है जिससे ये ज्ञात होता है कि कर्म (object) पर किसी क्रिया (verb) का प्रभाव पड़ता है।

General Formula:-  Object + Helping Verb + V2 + by + sub
                                          {Tense के अनुसार परिवर्तित}

Passive Voice का प्रयोग कहाँ होता है?

1. जब क्रिया स्वतः नहीं होता बल्कि उसे किया जाता है।

example:-

• Tea grows both in Assam and Ceylon. (x)
• Tea is grown both in Assam and Ceylon.(✓)

2. जब क्रिया महत्त्वपूर्ण हो यानि ‘घटना’।

examples:-

• He was rushed to the hospital where he was declared brought dead.

इस वाक्य में ‘घटना’ महत्त्वपूर्ण है यानि किसी दुर्घटना के बाद घायल व्यक्ति को तुरंत अस्पताल ले जाना और उसे मृत घोषित किया जाना। यहाँ घायल को अस्पताल ले जाने वाले लोग’ और ये घोषणा करने वाले ‘डॉक्टर’ कि घायल मृत लाया गया अप्रासंगिक (irrelevant) है।

3. जब कर्ता का पता नहीं या ये महत्त्वपूर्ण नहीं कि कर्ता ज्ञात हो।

example:-

1. People were relocated from the flood affected villages.

अब विभिन्न Tense के Active एवं Passive Voice देखें-

INDEFINITE TENSE

Indefinite Tense	Active	Passive
Simple present	sub + v1 + object	object + is/am/are + v3 + by + sub.
Simple past	sub + v2 + object	object +was/were + v3 + by + sub.
Simple future	sub + shall/will + v1 + object	object +shall/will + be + v3 + by + sub.
Modal	sub + modal + v1 + object	object +modal + be + v3 + by + sub.

CHANGE THE VOICE

example:-

Active	passive
1. Police arrested him.	He was arrested.
2. People speak English all over the world.	English is spoken all over the world.
3. A teacher teaches English here	English is taught here.
4. No one desire riots.	Riots are not desired.
5.I will not tolerate this nonsense	This nonsense will not be tolerated by me.

Explanation of sentences no. 1, 2 & 3.

• कुछ क्रियायें निश्चित sub के द्वारा किए जाते है। ऐसे वाक्यों में active voice में उसी sub का प्रयोग करे जो सामान्यतः वह कार्य करता हो अगर passive voice में sub का उल्लेख नहीं हो (वाक्य 1 से 3 देखें)।
• इसी प्रकार क्रियायें अगर किसी indefinite pronoun या vague noun के द्वारा किये जाएं तो Passive voice में by + sub’ का प्रयोग न करें। (वाक्य 2 एवं 4 देखें)। ऐसा तब भी किया जाता है जब ‘sub’ इतना obvious हो कि उसका उल्लेख करना जरूरी नहीं हो। (वाक्य 2 देखें)।
• Be (या उसके forms) अगर main verb के स्थान पर हो तो वाक्य passive voice में नहीं हो सकता।

examples:-

1. I  am {M.V}  happy. (A.V) 
2. He should be {M.V} polite. (A.V)         

• इन दोनों वाक्यों का passive voice नहीं बन सकता।

CONTINUOUS TENSE

Continuous Tense	Active	Passive
Present Continuous Sub	Sub + is/am/ are/ V1 + ing + obj	obj + is/am/are +being+ V3 + by + sub
Past Continuous	Sub + was / were + V1 + ing + obj	obj + was/were + being + V3 + by + sub
Future Continuous	Sub + shall/will + be + V1 + ing + obj	Future Continuous का Passive नहीं बनाया जा सकता है।
Modal Continuous	Sub + modal + be + V1 + ing + obj	Modal Continuous का Passive नहीं बनाया जा सकता है।

NOTE:- अगर Passive Voice ‘Continuous Tense’ में हो तो ‘being’ का प्रयोग करना न भूलें।

CHANGE THE VOICE

Examples:-

Note:- Verb के बाद आने वाले preposition को P.V. में लगाना न भुले।

Active	Passive
The committee is looking into the matter.  Note:- Verb के बाद आने वाले preposition को P.V. में लगाना न भुले।	The matter is being looked into by the committee.
They are laughing at you.	You are being laughed at by them.
The accused is being produced before the court.	The police are producing the accused before the court.
You were not taking the exam seriously.	The exam was not being taken seriously by you.
Right to protest peacefully is being demanded by the revolutionaries.	The revolutionaries are demanding right to protest peacefully.

PERFECT TENSE

Perfect Tense	Active	Passive
Present Perfect	Sub + has/have + V3 + obj	ObJ + has / have + been + V3 + by + sub
Past Perfect	Sub + had + V3 + obj	Obj + had + been + V3 + by + sub
Future Perfect	Sub + shall/ will + have + V3 + obj	Obj + shall / will + have + been + V3 + by + sub)
Modal Perfect	Sub + Modal + have + V3 + obj	Obj + modal + have + been + V3 + by + sub

Note:- अगर Passive Voice ‘Perfect Tense’ में हो तो ‘been’ का प्रयोग करना न भूलें।

CHANGE THE VOICE

examples:-

Active	Passive
1. Who has seen him?	By whom has he been seen?
2. The news has surprised us.	We have been surprised at the news.
3. He will have understood your ulterior motive by that time.	Your ulterior motive will have been understood by him by that time.
4. The committee had looked into the matter impartially before he was found guilty.	The matter had been looked into by the committee impartially before it found him guilty.

NOTE:- कुछ ऐसे verbs होते है जिनके बाद fixed preposition आते है।

known to, surprised at, amazed at, astonished at, startled at, vexed at, annoyed with somebody, annoyed at something, contained in, embodied in, crammed with decorated with, filled with, ornamented with, thronged with, tired of. engulfed in.

example:-

• The fire engulfed the building.
  The building was engulfed in the fire.
• This box contains ten cigars.
  Ten cigars are contained in this box.

Note:-  Surprised at- अगर कुछ ऐसा घटित हो जो अपे क्षा के विपरीत तो ‘Surprised at’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।

Example:-

• I was surprised at his behavior. (He was rude) Surprised by- अगर कुछ ऐसा घटित हो जो अपेक्षित ना हो तो ‘surprised by’ का प्रयोग होता है।
• I was surprised by his result. (He passed the exam which left me pleasantly surprised)

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