RULES OF REPORTED SPEECH; ENGLISH GRAMMER

RULES OF REPORTED SPEECH

RULES OF REPORTED SPEECH; Change the Tense, Change the Personal Pronoun, Change the Words Expressing Nearness.

Change the Tense

1. Simple Present Simple Past

do/does → did
VI → VII

2. Present Continuous → Past Continuous

is/are/am → was/were

3. Present Perfect → Past Perfect

has/have → had

4. Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

has been/ have been → had been

5. Simple Past → Past Perfect Tense

VII → had + VIII

6. Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

was/were → had been

Note: There will be no change in the transformation of Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

7. will → would

8. shall → should

9. can → could

10. may → might

11. must → had to

Change the Personal Pronoun

12. I → he/she

13. me → him/her

14.my → his/her

15. mine → his/hers

16. we → they

17. us → them

18. our → their

19. ours → theirs

20. you (subjective case) → him/her/they

21. you (objective case) → his/her/them

22.your → his/hers/their

23.yours → his/hers/theirs

Change the Words Expressing Nearness

24. now/just → then

25. today → that day

26. tomorrow → the next day/the following day

27. last night → the previous night/the night before

28. tonight → that night

29. yesterday → the previous day/the before

30. thus → before

32. next week → the following week

33. this → that

34. these → those

35. here → there

Further, there is change in the position of the helping verb and the
subject.

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